Creating a brand is more than just coming up with a catchy name and designing a cool logo. Branding is a long-term effort that requires the execution of a brand strategy. The aim is to position the brand relative to the competition in the minds of potential and existing customers. Positioning is achieved through communication via a set of available marketing channels. Marketing efforts should communicate the value and benefits of a brand to nudge the customer toward a purchase decision.

If evolution encourages traits that promote the survival of the species, then why do the natural repair and maintenance capabilities of the body gradually cease to function as individuals age? And why do some animals and plants live so much longer than others? Nature demonstrates immense variability in patterns of aging across different organisms. Understanding how and why aging evolved can shed light on what drives the aging process. Is aging programmed into our genetic blueprint, or is it the result of the accumulation of damage through a lifetime of intraction with the environment? Comparative and evolutionary biology can provide some answers.

Many decisions fail to achieve the desired outcome. Sometimes they fail because they are made with incomplete information in dynamic environments that preclude any guarantee of success. But some decisions fail because decision makers rush too quickly to make a decision, don't consider all the available options, ignore important information or succumb to biases that can increase the chances that a decision will fail. The good news is that there are many techniques for improving and debiasing the decision-making process. Applying such techniques can improve the decisions of individuals and groups.

Humans have always been fascinated by the prospect of extending life. But only recently have human efforts into prolonging life emerged from the domain of charlatans and alchemists to become legitimate scientific and business ventures. Views on life extension differ drastically within the anti-aging community, most focus on improving healthspan, but a few bold voices suggest that radical life extension may be possible. This material will explore many aspects of the emerging longevity industry, including areas of research and ethical considerations.